The International Criminal Court is the first permanent court to be charged with trying the perpetrators of the most serious crimes affecting the entire international community. Amnesty has actively supported its establishment.

The black population finally obtained the civil rights enjoyed by the rest of the American population thanks to the adoption of two major pieces of legislation: the Civil Rights Act (1964) and the Voting Rights Act (1965).

It was the Guatemala City court that tried Efraín Ríos Montt and sentenced him, in 2013, to 80 years in prison for a mass crime: the murder of the Maya.

In 1976, the coup d'état of Jorge Rafael Videla plunged Argentina into a dictatorship; arbitrary detentions, torture centres and the elimination of opponents of the regime became the daily life of the Argentine population.

Marija KALESNIKAVA won the Václav Havel Prize in 2021. She became one of the three female symbols of the Belarusian opposition and the Belarusian people's struggle for civil and political liberties and fundamental rights.

In addition to the 140 people who died at the Berlin Wall, at least 251 travellers died during checks at GDR border crossings and more than 600 citizens were shot by border guards or died while trying to flee.

Calling for more openness, 100,000 students and intellectuals peacefully gathered in Tiananmen Square in 1989. Amnesty International estimates that 1,000 people were killed during these events.

The leader of the anti-apartheid struggle was the first democratically elected president of South Africa. He remained in prison for 27 years from 1962 to 1990, despite his life sentence. Apartheid only ended in the 1990s.

Arrested in London in 1998 and extradited to Chile, his parliamentary immunity and failing health delayed the trial of his crimes. He died in 2006 during the judicial process and was never convicted.

Despite initial announcements about inclusiveness, the current Taliban structure is exclusively male. And they have abolished the Ministry of Women's Affairs, an essential element for gender equality.

Only 12 detainees have been charged with criminal acts. The vast majority of the 780 men and boys held at Guantanamo over the years have never been charged with a single crime.

The Middle East and Maghreb region has been overwhelmed by an unprecedented wave of popular protests for reform. The movement started in Tunisia and spread within weeks to Egypt, Libya, Syria, etc.

A murderous attack by gunmen on the offices of the satirical newspaper Charlie Hebdo. People of all backgrounds and faiths then condemned the murders and stood up in the name of freedom of expression.

In recent years, about 1 million people have fled from Myanmar to Bangladesh and have since been living in crowded conditions. About 600,000 people, mainly elderly people and women with children, live in the Kutupalong camp.

For 79 days between September and December 2014, more than a million people occupied Hong Kong's main thoroughfares to demand more democracy in the city.

More than 90% of the approximately 1.000 legal abortions performed each year in Poland were performed for the reason of a serious threat to the health of the foetus or the mother. But this reason has been declared unconstitutional since January 2021.

Fridays For Future started in August 2018, after Greta Thunberg and other young people sat outside the Swedish parliament every school day for 3 weeks to protest against the lack of action on the climate crisis.

Between May 26, and June 5, 2020, a wave of protests demanding racial justice and police reform swept the world. In the US alone, at least 125 cases of police violence against protesters have been recorded.

Navalny is unjustly prosecuted for contempt of court, large-scale fraud, and money laundering. He is also accused of having created an organisation that undermines the personality and rights of citizens.